In three - last decades, one of the economic issues of Iran has been "DEDUCTION of MONEY VALUE". To stand against the unpleasant consequences of DEDUCTION of MONEY VALUE, the theory of compensating for the DEDUCTION of MONEY VALUE through indexing debts was propounded in Iran, based on Islamic jurisprudential and economic reasons. Subsequently, annexing a note to article 1082 of civil law and granting bank interest by calculating rate of consuming goods and services inflation has introduced according to law. Considering analytical and contrastive method, the article, first, evaluates Islamic jurisprudential and economic theory of compensating for DEDUCTION of MONEY VALUE, then, practical problems, come out of applying this theory in Iran's economy are discussed here. This research article hypothesized that indexing would not be an appropriate method to compensate for DEDUCTION of MONEY VALUE because of practical and theoretical reasons.

This experiment was designed to survey the nutritive VALUE and estimate protected-protein level of Protanomix as a new protein source and compare it with soybean meal. Protanomix is a brown powder by separating the precipitate produced from the reaction of tannin with corn-steep liquor. Crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME) in this protein source is nearly similar to soybean meal, and more than 80% of its protein content is insoluble. In this study, potential of in vitro gas production in Protanomix was significantly (P˂0.001) lower than the control treatment (soybean meal); however, substitution of soybean meal at different levels of Protanomix in experimental diets did not lead to significant changes in gas production parameters (P˃0.05). Comparing Protanomix with soybean meal (control) showed that in vitro truly degraded dry matter (IVTDDM), estimated metabilizable energy (ME) and pH were similar (P˃0.05). However, short chain fatty acids (SCFA), apparently in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMAD) and ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3) were significantly higher in soybean meal (P˂0.01) than Protanomix, while partitioning factor (PF), microbial protein synthesis (MPS) and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (EMPS) were greater in Protanomix than soybean meal (P˂0.05). Nonetheless, when soybean meal was substituted with different levels of Protanomix in the experimental diets, only concentration of ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3) was significantly decreased (P˂0.001).

The most important topic in logic is DEDUCTION which is treated in logical books under the heading of argument. Ancients divided argument into the three classes of syllogism, induction and analogy.As to kinds of and the sort of division of argument some questions has been raised. On the one hand, besides the theory of syllogism which is without doubt Aristotle's masterpiece one of important works of Aristotle's in the field of logic is the topic of "conversion", "contradiction" and "contrast".Of course, in Organon these topics have been treated incidentally. Ibn Sina added some relations to those which Aristotle had introduced and by finding the similarity of these topics brought them together in his logical works.After Ibn sina, logicians by following him introduced these relations under the heading "representative argument". The same topic has been treated in recent books of traditional logic with the title "rules of proposition". This title suggests that these logicians regard "rules of proposition" as a kind of DEDUCTION and argument.In this article the author defends the latter view and by assuming the conversion to be a kind of argument and examples like that has proposed a division of DEDUCTION in which the place of these arguments has been clearly defined and has no difficulties of previous division.

The purpose of this study is to describe content analysis. The paradigm followed in this article is inductive and deductive reasoning. The researcher has adopted a descriptive content analysis. The writer while trying to describe the distinction between qualitative and quantitative analysis, make an attempt to study the role of inductive and deductive reasoning in qualitative content analysis. The purpose of this analysis is to present and create important themes in the body of content. Also a rich description of the text as a social reality is offered. In religious text analysis, the roots are analyzed in order to build a model for conceptual form and propositions are provided as a means of religious thought. The roots analysis has a structural then logical nature and is hidden within the meaning created by the text. In content analysis, in addition to the text the features of message as well source of message and the sender of massage are analyzed to achieve a reasonable result. In this article, the process of qualitative content analysis are studied. The above research method is recommended to specialists who are interested in interdisciplinary research activities in the field of psychology and educational management in conjunction with Islamic study.

One of the challenging subjects in Islamic economics is the-question of whether it is necessary to compensate for the diminishing VALUE of MONEY in economic exchanges including loans. In the present paper I will offer 11 reasons as to why it is necessary to compensate for the diminishing VALUE of MONEY. According to findings of this paper, compensating the diminishing VALUE of MONEY must not be considered as Riba. Accepting such a statement will open the doors for economic exchange and contribute to a fluent economic exchange system. The least result of such a thing will be the distribution of income and wealth. This is why a lack of such a system will endanger the prevalence of the Islamic equity and equality

Since public procurement involves such large amounts of MONEY in various procurement operations, it is imperative to ensure VALUE for MONEY (VfM), electronic procurement is a modern tool through which VALUE for MONEY can be attained, this study determine the influence ofelectronic procurement strategy on VALUE for MONEY in construction project. Study used a cross section design to collect data from 160 employees from different department who were sampled based on their strata and by using questionnaire. The study found that reliability and speedy of electronic procurement increases the efficiency of construction projects. The study concludes that electronic procurement, is the key tools through in which, if utilized well the construction project in public organization will be efficiency, economy and effectively through trade discount and communication. Also, electronic procurement increase transparency and to a large extent brought about simplicity of the work done despite of the challenge of network problem.

This study develops a inventory model to determine ordering policy for deteriorating items with shortages under markovian inflationary conditions. Markov processes include process whose future behavior cannot be accurately predicted from its past behavior (except the current or present behavior) and which involves random chance or probability. Behavior of business or economy, flow of traffic, progress of an epidemic, all are examples of Markov processes. Since the far previous inflation rate don’t have a great impact on the current inflation rate, so, It is logical to consider changes of the inflation rate as a markov process. In addition, It is assumed that the cost of the items changes as a Continuous – Time - Markov Process too. The inventory model is described by differential equations over the time horizon along with the present VALUE method. The objective is minimization of the expected present VALUE of costs over the time horizon. The numerical example and a sensitivity analysis are provided to analyze the effect of changes in the VALUEs of the different parameters on the optimal solution.

With respect to delay in MONEY payment, this question poses itself how much the man-in-debt due to inflation or due to MONEY-worth reduction should Pay to fulfill his promise and liabilities.This paper is an attempt to examine these two cases according to the Article and to the concensus of the religious authorities. The Article Note of No.1082 asserts that besides the dower in other MONEY debts the man –in-debt must pay the MONEY according to the par VALUE of the paid time. No agreement is found among the early and later jurists, but the present religious authorities argue on this quest. Most of them observe that, in case of inflation or delay in payment, the MONEY VALUE must be paid at the payment time.Under law in case of MONEY debts under any conditions, the debt must be paid according to the paid time.

Subintuitionistic logics as a theme were first studied by G. Corsi, who introduced a basic system F in a Hilbert style proof system. The system F is sound and complete with respect to the class of Kripke frames in which the assumption of preservation of truth is dropped and which are not assumed to be reflexive or transitive. Dick de Jongh and F. Sh. Maleki, have introduced a basic logic WF in a Hilbert style proof system, much weaker than F. They proved that subintuitionistic logic WF is sound and complete with respect to the class of neighborhood models with a somewhat more complex definition than the neighborhood models for classical (non-normal) modal logics. So far, no natural DEDUCTION system has been presented for any of these two basic systems F and WF. This paper is devoted to the introduction of natural DEDUCTION systems for subintuitionistic logics WF and F.